Adafruit SAMD21 (M0) and SAMD51 (M4) boards feature an improved bootloader that makes it easier than ever to flash different code onto the microcontroller. This bootloader makes it easy to switch between Microsoft MakeCode, CircuitPython and Arduino.Instead of needing drivers or a separate program for flashing (say, bossac, jlink or avrdude), one can simply drag a file onto a removable drive.
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The format of the file is a little special. Due to 'operating system woes' you cannot just drag a binary or hex file (trust us, we tried it, it isn't cross-platform compatible). Instead, the format of the file has extra information to help the bootloader know where the data goes. The format is called UF2 (USB Flashing Format). Microsoft MakeCode generates UF2s for flashing and CircuitPython releases are also available as UF2. You can also create your own UF2s from binary files using uf2tool, available here.The bootloader is also BOSSA compatible, so it can be used with the Arduino IDE which expects a BOSSA bootloader on ATSAMD-based boards
The first step to loading new code onto your board is triggering the bootloader. It is easily done by double tapping the reset button. Once the bootloader is active you will see the small red LED fade in and out and a new drive will appear on your computer with a name ending in BOOT. For example, feathers show up as FEATHERBOOT, while the new CircuitPlayground shows up as CPLAYBOOT, Trinket M0 will show up as TRINKETBOOT, and Gemma M0 will show up as GEMMABOOT
Furthermore, when the bootloader is active, it will change the color of one or more onboard neopixels to indicate the connection status, red for disconnected and green for connected. If the board is plugged in but still showing that its disconnected, try a different USB cable. Some cables only provide power with no communication.
For example, here is a Feather M0 Express running a colorful Neopixel swirl. When the reset button is double clicked (about half second between each click) the NeoPixel will stay green to let you know the bootloader is active. When the reset button is clicked once, the 'user program' (NeoPixel color swirl) restarts.
Once the bootloader is successfully connected you can open the drive and browse the virtual filesystem. This isn't the same filesystem as you use with CircuitPython or Arduino. It should have three files:
To flash something new, simply drag any UF2 onto the drive. After the file is finished copying, the bootloader will automatically restart. This usually causes a warning about an unsafe eject of the drive. However, its not a problem. The bootloader knows when everything is copied successfully.
You may also get get a complaint that the drive was ejected without warning. Don't worry about this. The drive only ejects once the bootloader has verified and completed the process of writing the new code
As mentioned before, the bootloader is also compatible with BOSSA, which is the standard method of updating boards when in the Arduino IDE. It is a command-line tool that can be used in any operating system. We won't cover the full use of the bossac tool, suffice to say it can do quite a bit! More information is available at ShumaTech.
The UF2 bootloader is relatively new and while we've done a ton of testing, it may contain bugs. Usually these bugs effect reliability rather than fully preventing the bootloader from working. If the bootloader is flaky then you can try updating the bootloader itself to potentially improve reliability.
Updating the bootloader is as easy as flashing CircuitPython, Arduino or MakeCode. Simply enter the bootloader as above and then drag the update bootloader uf2 file below. This uf2 contains a program which will unlock the bootloader section, update the bootloader, and re-lock it. It will overwrite your existing code such as CircuitPython or Arduino so make sure everything is backed up!After the file is copied over, the bootloader will be updated and appear again. The INFO_UF2.TXT file should show the newer version number inside.For example:UF2 Bootloader v2.0.0-adafruit.5 SFHWROModel: Metro M0Board-ID: SAMD21G18A-Metro-v0Lastly, reload your code from Arduino or MakeCode or flash the latest CircuitPython core.
Making your own UF2 is easy! All you need is a .bin file of a program you wish to flash and the Python conversion script. Make sure that your program was compiled to start at 0x2000 (8k) for M0 boards or 0x4000 (16kB) for M4 boards. The bootloader takes up the first 8kB (M0) or 16kB (M4). CircuitPython's linker script is an example on how to do that.
The STM32 Flash loader demonstrator (FLASHER-STM32) is a free software PC utility from STMicroelectronics, which runs on Microsoft OSs and communicates through the RS232 with the STM32 system memory bootloader. To get an example of how to execute the device bootloader, refer to the STM32 microcontroller system memory boot mode Application note (AN2606). To get information about the USART protocol used in the STM32 bootloader, refer to the USART protocol used in the STM32 bootloader Application note (AN3155).
Removed configurations without a bootloader.The B0 bootloader is enabled by default on all boards if the configuration with two image slots fits in memory.Alternatively, MCUboot bootloader with a single image slot and serial recovery is enabled.In case the configuration with the MCUboot does not fit in memory, no bootloader is enabled.
Thread Secure DFU accepts images that contain a new bootloader or application, which contains the Thread network stack. To protect the target device against malicious attackers trying to impersonate the rightful sender of the firmware update, the init packet of the firmware package must be signed.
Thread Secure DFU does not use a SoftDevice, but the bootloader requires the Master Boot Record (MBR). The example uses a stand-alone MBR provided as a hex file. To program the MBR, perform the following steps:
The bootloader for the Thread Secure DFU is implemented using Bootloader and DFU modules. The main role of the bootloader is to check application integrity and, in case of dual bank updates (see Dual-bank and single-bank updates), to transfer the new image to the active bank. Unlike the BLE Secure DFU Bootloader, the bootloader for Thread Secure DFU does not initialize any transports. Therefore, DFU is not possible in the bootloader. If a valid application is missing, the bootloader enters an infinite loop.
During system startup, the Master Boot Record (MBR) is responsible for starting the bootloader. To do this, the MBR must know the start address of the bootloader. This start address is defined in UICR.BOOTLOADERADDR, which is located at address 0x10001014 (see NRF_UICR_BOOTLOADER_START_ADDRESS). Therefore, you must set UICR.BOOTLOADERADDR to the correct value when you program the bootloader.
When adding a bootloader to your device, you must be aware of where in the device memory the different firmware components are located. The following table shows the memory layout used by the Thread Secure DFU.
Deploy CX Cloud Agent OVA image in a secured VMware server firm. The OVA is shared securely through Cisco software download center. Bootloader (single user mode) password is set with a randomly unique password. Users must refer to FAQ to set this bootloader (single-user mode) password.
To get the board in bootloader mode ready for the firmware update, executemachine.bootloader() at the MicroPython REPL. Alternatively, holddown the BOOTSEL button while plugging the board into USB. The uf2 file belowshould then be copied to the USB mass storage device that appears. Onceprogramming of the new firmware is complete the device will automatically resetand be ready for use.
Note: After the first Smart-Clip update, account registration at -loader.com and registration device using Boot-Loader Download Manager, a new user activates the service in accordance with 1 year with and 10Gb download limit price plan. Access is provided within one year period since the first Smart-Clip update (date of the first update + 1 year). In case if Smart-Clip has not been updated before logging to -loader.com , the access will not be valid and the user will be asked to perform the update procedure.
If any user has noticed that he can help us in adding a missing versions of flash files or lang_packs by sending us a backup of particular file, he is welcome to do so. Each file that was missing at www.boot-loader.com & sent to us by a user, will be rewarded with one month of free access to SMARTMOTO section of portal www.boot-loader.com.*
ets Jun 8 2016 00:22:57rst:0x1 (POWERON_RESET),boot:0x13 (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT)configsip: 0, SPIWP:0x00clk_drv:0x00,q_drv:0x00,d_drv:0x00,cs0_drv:0x00,hd_drv:0x00,wp_drv:0x00mode:DIO, clock div:2load:0x3fff0008,len:8load:0x3fff0010,len:3480load:0x40078000,len:7804ho 0 tail 12 room 4load:0x40080000,len:252entry 0x40080034.[0;32mI (46) boot: ESP-IDF v2.0-3-gbef9896 2nd stage bootloader.[0m.[0;32mI (46) boot: compile time 05:59:45.[0m.[0;32mI (46) boot: Enabling RNG early entropy source....[0m.[0;32mI (65) boot: SPI Speed : 40MHz.[0m.[0;32mI (77) boot: SPI Mode : DIO.[0m.[0;32mI (90) boot: SPI Flash Size : 4MB.[0m.[0;32mI (102) boot: Partition Table:.[0m.[0;32mI (114) boot: ## Label Usage Type ST Offset Length.[0m.[0;32mI (136) boot: 0 phy_init RF data 01 01 0000f000 00001000.[0m.[0;32mI (159) boot: 1 otadata OTA data 01 00 00010000 00002000.[0m.[0;32mI (183) boot: 2 nvs WiFi data 01 02 00012000 0000e000.[0m.[0;32mI (206) boot: 3 at_customize unknown 40 00 00020000 000e0000.[0m.[0;32mI (229) boot: 4 ota_0 OTA app 00 10 00100000 00180000.[0m.[0;32mI (252) boot: 5 ota_1 OTA app 00 11 00280000 00180000.[0m.[0;32mI (276) boot: End of partition table.[0m.[0;32mI (289) boot: Disabling RNG early entropy source....[0m.[0;32mI (306) boot: Loading app partition at offset 00100000.[0m.[0;32mI (1481) boot: segment 0: paddr=0x00100018 vaddr=0x00000000 size=0x0ffe8 ( 65512) .[0m.[0;32mI (1482) boot: segment 1: paddr=0x00110008 vaddr=0x3f400010 size=0x1c5f0 (116208) map.[0m.[0;32mI (1499) boot: segment 2: paddr=0x0012c600 vaddr=0x3ffb0000 size=0x0215c ( 8540) load.[0m.[0;32mI (1529) boot: segment 3: paddr=0x0012e764 vaddr=0x40080000 size=0x00400 ( 1024) load.[0m.[0;32mI (1552) boot: segment 4: paddr=0x0012eb6c vaddr=0x40080400 size=0x1b028 (110632) load.[0m.[0;32mI (1631) boot: segment 5: paddr=0x00149b9c vaddr=0x400c0000 size=0x00034 ( 52) load.[0m.[0;32mI (1632) boot: segment 6: paddr=0x00149bd8 vaddr=0x00000000 size=0x06430 ( 25648) .[0m.[0;32mI (1648) boot: segment 7: paddr=0x00150010 vaddr=0x400d0018 size=0x7a56c (501100) map.[0m.[0;32mI (1676) heap_alloc_caps: Initializing. RAM available for dynamic allocation:.[0m.[0;32mI (1698) heap_alloc_caps: At 3FFBA6B8 len 00025948 (150 KiB): DRAM.[0m.[0;32mI (1719) heap_alloc_caps: At 3FFE8000 len 00018000 (96 KiB): D/IRAM.[0m.[0;32mI (1741) heap_alloc_caps: At 4009B428 len 00004BD8 (18 KiB): IRAM.[0m.[0;32mI (1762) cpu_start: Pro cpu up..[0m.[0;32mI (1773) cpu_start: Single core mode.[0m.[0;32mI (1786) cpu_start: Pro cpu start user code.[0m.[0;32mI (1847) cpu_start: Starting scheduler on PRO CPU..[0m.[0;32mI (1909) uart: queue free spaces: 10.[0mBin version:0.10.0I (1911) wifi: wifi firmware version: c604573I (1911) wifi: config NVS flash: enabledI (1914) wifi: config nano formating: disabledI (1922) wifi: Init dynamic tx buffer num: 32I (1922) wifi: wifi driver task: 3ffc4f34, prio:23, stack:3584I (1928) wifi: Init static rx buffer num: 10I (1932) wifi: Init dynamic rx buffer num: 0I (1936) wifi: Init rx ampdu len mblock:7I (1939) wifi: Init lldesc rx ampdu entry mblock:4I (1944) wifi: wifi power manager task: 0x3ffca2dc prio: 21 stack: 2560I (1950) wifi: wifi timer task: 3ffcb35c, prio:22, stack:3584.[0;31mE (1956) phy_init: PHY data partition validated.[0m.[0;32mI (1986) phy: phy_version: 329, Feb 22 2017, 15:58:07, 0, 0.[0mI (1986) wifi: mode : softAP (9c:9c:1f:c9:64:15)I (1989) wifi: mode : sta (9c:9c:1f:c9:64:14) + softAP (9c:9c:1f:c9:64:15)I (1993) wifi: mode : softAP (9c:9c:1f:c9:64:15) 2ff7e9595c
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